2.++Brown+vs.+Board

//BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION//
 * What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**

**SETTING THE STAGE** - **[|Participate in The Road to Justice activity]**
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||

Make a bulleted list of the basic facts of the cases brought to the Supreme Court
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**
 * School segregation was determined locally, but only for elementary schools
 * Buses and railroads were not segregated, but other facilities were
 * in December 1952, Kansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, South Carolina, and Virginia all had cases against segregated public schools-they argued that the segregation violated the 14th amendment
 * in Brown v. Board of Education: African American parents and local activists challenged Topeka's policy of segregated schooling. this was led by Mckinley Burnett. The African American parents, assembled by the local NAACP, enrolled their kids in white schools and we all denied, so they filed a law suit
 * although there were many cases, it was all named after Oliver Brown because Brown came first in the alphabet
 * It was not the first challenge to school segregation
 * There is also the Briggs v. Elliot case: DeLaine convinced African American parents to join the NAACP. The Court found that the black schools were not equal, but the oder to equalize the facilities was ignored.
 * Another case is the Bolling v. C. Melvin Sharpe: 11 African American high school students were taken on a field trip to a new school for whites only. The students were not allowed to enter and were then ordered to return to their school. A suit was filed and the African Americans were successful!
 * the brown decision led to the modern Civil Rights Movement
 * Supreme Court ruled that Brown had won and that there would be desegregation
 * Segregation was declared unconstitutional
 * The challengers- NCAAP, lead lawyer: Marshall: first black supreme justice

List the major arguments of the plaintiffs
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])**
 * In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court misinterpreted the equal protection clause.
 * Equal protection of the laws did not allow racial segregation
 * the 14th amendment allowed the government to prohibit segregation in public schools
 * the 14th amendment did not specify wether the states were allowed to made segregated schools
 * Psychological testing showed the harmful effects of segregation on the minds of African American kids

List the major arguments of the Defendants
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**
 * The Constitution did not require white and African American Children to go to the same school
 * Segregation was a state decision
 * Segregation was not harmful to African Americans
 * Whites were making an effort to equalize the two systems, but since some blacks were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to be competing and in the same classroom with whites.

What important change happened, and what was its impact?
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

The Supreme Court decided to hear the Brown case. There were many arguments about this case- many justices thought that they didn't have the authority to end school segretation and they worried that they wouldn't be able to enforce it. During the Supreme Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education, The Chief Justice Vinson died, so President Eisenhower appointed Warren as chief justice. Warren's leadership led to a unanimous decision to overturn Plessy, which changed the course of American history.

What did the Court decide?
 * THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)**

The court decided that segregated public schools are unequal- Brown had won. The Supreme Court said that no one should be deprived the right of education and that the African Americans were. The Brown Decision declared segregation unconstitutional.

**ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] ** **)**  What was the Court's statement about the enforcement of the decision? What happened to the enforcement?

The court ordered that only the states end segregation "with all deliberate speed." This allowed segregationists the ability to build up resistance-they then made a campaign of resistance. Many white people thought that this decision was an attack on their way of life-they did not like the decision.

What is the overall importance and legacy of //Brown v. Board//?
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

This led to an American split over the issue of racial equality. The African American's freedom struggles spread across the country and the original case against segregated public schools became apart of a bigger/broader campaign for social justice. After fifty years, other people- like minorities, people with disabilities and women- were included in the Brown movement. Led to more desegregation in other places.