12.+The+Cold+War-+The+Early+Years

**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading[|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

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 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS
 * League of Nations was weak and failed without the US
 * 5 nations
 * FDR urges US Americans to work at wold peace
 * April 1945: delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco to discuss an international peace organization
 * June: all 50 nations agreed in the charter
 * The United Nations was created
 * become battle place of the cold war
 * **CONTAINMENT
 * Containment: the efforts of the US to block the spread of soviet communism
 * communism was spreading
 * first announced in 1947 in response to soviet pressure on greece and turkey
 * Was Truman's main strategy in the Cold War
 * US works in military and nonmilitary ways to contain communism
 * "iron curtain had fallen on europe"
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218" align="right" caption="George Kenean"]] ||  ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 * The Truman Doctrine: promised aid to people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom
 * Big part in containment
 * Greece and Turkey needed a lot of help and aid to resist threats to democratic freedom-they are poorly treated and in bad conditions/poor
 * Believed that the SU was directing funding the communist forces within the two countries and he thought that the US should help
 * The aid was primarily finical- $400 million to the two countries
 * Laid the groundwork for the Marshall Plan
 * formed America's policy for the Cold War
 * led to both finical and military problems throughout the world
 * lets help their governments so they wouldn't want/need the SU to help them/take them over
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN (Secretary of State, George C. Marshall)
 * Made in the hopes of stopping the spread of communism
 * Truman committed the US to support democratic resistance in Europe
 * similar to the Truman Doctrine, but its aid extended to all of Western Europe- revived the war-torn economies of Europe
 * The plan offered $13 billion in aid to Western and Southern Europe
 * Helped the nations of Europe rebuild and repair their economies
 * Between 1948 and 1952- 17 nations received Marshall funds
 * helped the nations restore industry, agriculture, and trade
 * offered the money to ALL european nations!
 * if the US doesn't help, all nations will "sink"
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT
 * The Western allies merged their zones of Germany-which contained parts of Berlin- into a new democratic German nation
 * Stalin feared that a united Germany would threaten the SU
 * Berlin was inside the SU occupied zones-so it became an isolated democratic island
 * The SU responded by blocking all routes to West Berlin to push the western allies out.
 * Truman responded with the airlift: which provided, by airdrop, food and other supplies to the city.
 * the airlift allowed the people in Berlin to survive the 11 month blockade
 * led to east Germany and democratic West Germany
 * People died- Cold war heating up
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
 * US alarm about communist control in Eastern Europe
 * led to the formation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
 * a defensive alliance- first alliance at a time of peace for america
 * NATO: an alliance between the US, Canada, and 10 European nations
 * NATO: believed that a strong military and a united font would deter the soviets from an attack
 * NATO: each nation would treat an attack on any other member as an attack on itself
 * led to the SU and Eastern European nations to form the Warsaw Pact
 * led to US and SU development of nuclear weapons-ARMS RACE began
 * 2 sides ready for war, but it makes other countries not wanted to attack because they know that a ton of other nations will go to war with them
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC
 * The red scare: the fear of communism that swept the US twice to the point of paranoia
 * The Rosenbergs: the trial of Julius and Ethal Rosenberg, members of the the American Communist Party
 * The Rosenbergs were convicted of passing atomic secrets to the SU- they were executed in 1953
 * the HUAC- an organization that began targeting actors, directors, and writers for suspected communism ties
 * Black list: lists of names of people suspected to be communism
 * Fear of communism dominated American life!!!
 * ** COMMUNISM IN CHINA
 * The Communists defeated the anticommunist Nationalists in a civil war in China
 * Moa Zedong: became head of the new Communist state
 * Americans viewed this as part of a Communist plot to rule the world!
 * State Department was blamed for failing to stop the communism revolution
 * American fear of communism grew
 * China has the BIGGEST popular: BIG problem
 * Americans viewed this as part of a Communist plot to rule the world!
 * State Department was blamed for failing to stop the communism revolution
 * American fear of communism grew
 * China has the BIGGEST popular: BIG problem

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 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * ** MCCARTHYISM
 * Joseph McCarthy (Republican senator) selfishly made use of Americans frustration
 * He used the Korean War to increase Americans' fears of communism- he said that he had a list of 205 state department officials that were apart of the Communism Party
 * the charges were not proven but it ruined careers
 * The senate held hearings in which McCarthy accused the US army of "coddling Communists"
 * After the senate issued a statement criticizing his conduct-he faded away
 * McCarthyism: became known as reckless charges against innocent citizens

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 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE
 * 1957: US and SU started a SPACE RACE
 * SU launched the world's first satellite-the Sputnik- which means that the SU has a missile able to reach the US
 * there were 3 Sputniks:1st was just satellite-2nd contained a dog- 3rd had a laboratory for the study of earth's magnetic field and radiation belt
 * American scientists raced to launch a satellite
 * Congress used billions of dollars on space research
 * The SU's successes prompted the US gov. to increase its dedication to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration